The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (or womb, where a baby grows). It connects the uterus to the vagina (birth canal). Before cervical cancer appears, the cells of the cervix undergo precancerous changes, known as dysplasia. Usually, it is a slow process that develops over many years. A Pap test given every three to five years looks for these changes. If precancerous cells are found, they can often be removed.
Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant (conceived) after one year (or more) of unprotected intercourse.
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Surgical oncologists are general surgeons with specialized training in diagnosis, staging (determining the stage of cancer).
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Laparoscopy is a type of surgery that uses smaller cuts than you might expect.
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